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What is feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)?
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease caused by a feline coronavirus that affects wild and domestic cats.
Feline coronavirus is very common and usually doesn’t cause any serious issues, aside from mild diarrhea. But when it changes to a specific strain, FIP can develop. In about 10% of infected cats the virus multiplies and mutates, resulting in an infection known as feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) that spreads throughout the cat’s body. It can cause an extreme inflammatory reaction in the tissues surrounding the abdomen, kidney, brain or eyes.
What are the clinical symptoms of FIP?
FIP is most common in young cats (particularly those under 2 years); many cases are seen in kittens around 4–12 months old. A small subset presents older than 10 years.
The clinical signs depend on whether the cat has the effusive or “wet” form or the non-effusive or “dry” form, although more often than not there is a combination of both, known as “mixed” FIP.
Symptoms and forms of FIP
Diagnosis of FIP in cats
FIP is difficult to diagnose. Many of its symptoms could also be symptoms of other issues, and there is no single blood test to confirm FIP. Antibody titers to coronavirus can be measured, but they cannot distinguish between the harmless intestinal coronavirus and the deadly FIP coronavirus: a positive result only means prior exposure to coronavirus.
FIP may be considered more likely based on the clinical features and examination findings.
How FIP is diagnosed
Today FIP can be cured
Until February 2019 the disease was considered incurable and only symptomatic drugs were used to improve quality of life in the short term. Thanks to the discovery of Dr. Niels Pedersen and his team, it became possible to treat FIP in cats.
Research by a group of scientists at the University of California, Davis showed that the nucleoside GS441524, the precursor of GS5734 (Remdesivir), is effective against feline infectious peritonitis. The drug inhibits viral replication and leads to a stable remission of the disease.
More about GS441524Scientific articles
Treatment of FIP in cats
Currently many veterinary professionals use GS441524 and its analogues to treat cats with infectious peritonitis and achieve recovery. In addition to GS441524 and Remdesivir, Molnupiravir has come into use for FIP — it is recommended when FIPV is resistant to GS441524. GS441524 remains the drug of choice as the safer and more convenient medicine.
Besides etiotropic treatment aimed at suppressing the mutated coronavirus, pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment is necessary to restore the function of damaged organs and eliminate individual symptoms of the disease.
Treatment schemes and dose calculator